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Teheran Conference Nov. 28-Dec. 1 1st meeting of Big 3: FDR, Churchill, Stalin
The first session began in the evening of Nov. 28 at the U.S. Legation with
military strategy as the highest priority. all agreed to emphasize cross-channel
invasion , not periphery "OVERLORD in May" promised but date moved to June to
allow 68 LSTs for Anzio in January all agreed on independence of Iran 3-Power
Declaration of 6 Dec. 1943 all agreed on the idea of a U.N. postwar organization
"in principle" FDR's one-world idea, not Churchill's regionalism. Four-Power
Declaration at Moscow Oct. 30. UNRRA organized Nov. 9 - 44 nations by 1945. FDR
made commitment to internationalism, but said US would withdraw troops from
Europe after war, depend on Navy and Air Force to keep the peace. Stalin agreed
to Cairo decisions Nov. 26. Russia to enter the war against Japan Korea
independent, Manchuria returned to China no British-U.S. agreement on Rhodes,
Burma, or postwar Asia Stalin sought "security belt" of the Baltics, Poland,
partition of Germany; said he would not annex Finland but the Finns needed to be
"taught a lesson" and Stalin would take out reparations. FDR in private talks
with Stalin agreed to a Curzon line for Poland in the east and moving the German
border back to the Oder, and agreed some transfer of population would be
necessary "on a voluntary basis" to allow Russia to take back Ukraine and
Belorussia from Poland. FDR proposed dismemberment of Germany into 5 smaller
parts (surprised Churchill) and Stalin wanted to take part of East Prussia to
get the warm water Baltic port of Konigsberg (became Kaliningrad). FDR willing
to accomodate Stalin; Churchill was isolated; Stalin joked at dinner that
Churchill was soft on Germany and that it may be necessary to execute 50,000
German officers; Churchill replied that he would never agree to such "barbarous
acts" but FDR joked that perhaps 49,000 would do.